The law of universal gravitation is a law published by Sir Isaac Newton in 1687 in the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy to explain the gravitational force between objects. The law is as follows: Any two particles attract each other through a force in the direction of the line connecting their centers. The magnitude of this gravitational force is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance. It is independent of the chemical nature or physical state of the two objects and the intermediate material. The formula is: F=G*M1M2/(R*R) (G=6.67×10^-11N·m^2/kg^2).

Based on the research of his predecessors (Kepler, Hooke, Wyen, Halley), Newton used his extraordinary mathematical ability to prove and published the law of universal gravitation in the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in 1687. The discovery of the law of universal gravitation is one of the greatest achievements of natural science in the 17th century.Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Gravitational force: F = Gm₁m₂/r²

here

G = gravitational constant = 6.6726 x 10^-11N-m²/kg²

m₁ =Mass of object 1

m₂ =Mass of Object 2

r = distance between two objects