Gravitational potential energy, the energy that an object (especially a celestial body) has in a gravitational field is called gravitational potential energy. In physics, infinity is often defined as the zero potential point of gravitational potential energy. The expression of gravitational potential energy is E=-GMm/r. It is a scalar with the unit of joule (J). G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the object (central celestial body) that produces the gravitational field, m is the mass of the object under study, and r is the distance between the centers of mass of the two. The well-known gravitational potential energy is the expression of gravitational potential energy in special cases.

Gravitational potential energy = −(G×M) / x

G = 6.674 × 10^-11 N(m/kg)²

M = Mass

x = distance